Method of watermarking paper



(NoMddeL) '2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. H. MOORE.

METHOD OF WATER MARKING PAPER. No; 247,844. PatentedOot. 4,1881.

4 flil-mw/ey (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shel 2. G. H. MOORE.

METHOD or WATER MARKING PAPER.

Patented 0m. 4,1881

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' Jaw UNITED STATES i PATENT @rmca.

GEORGE H. MOORE, OF NORWICH, CONNECTICUT.

METHOD OF WATERMARKING PAPER.

SPECIFICATIQN forming part of IlettersPatent No. 247,844, dated October 4, 1881.

Application filed March 11, 1881.

To all whom it may concern:

wich, in the county of New London andState of Connecticut, have invented certain new and the following is a full, clear, and. exact description of the same, reference being had to the.

annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a front elevation of my invention. Fig. 2 is an end view, showing the mechanism for rotating the shaft. Fig. 3 is a detail view of the rack-frame, with the mechanism for raising and lowering it. Fig. 4 is a sectional view ofthe slotted wheel bearing the adjustable wiper for operating the rack-frame. Fig. 5 is a detail view, in perspective, of the device for holding the type. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the type. Fig. 7 is a similar view of a modification thereof. Fig. 8 is a detail view of a device for holding the type or design in acircular form, and Fig. 9 is a detail view of a portion of the bearings with guide-grooves.

The present invention has relation to certain new and useful improvements in thatclass of machines employed for watermarking paper; and the object thereof isto provide means whereby any desired water-mark, whether a design or word, may be imparted to the paper with the same facility that an impression is made upon paper with printing-type in a common fiat-surface printing-press.

The method now generally employed to watermark paper is to sew letters or designs formed of wire upon the surface of the dandy,

roll; also skeleton-rolls, to which are affixed plates bearing the desired inscriptions or designs, or expanding dandy-rolls.

In any of the above methods'the plate or section bearing an inscription must be taken off from the machine or roll and another substituted when a change of words or design is desired, thereby requiring a large outlay for and accumulation of these plates, which is by -my invention rendered unnecessary. Therefore I employ in connection with my machine.

a type of peculiar construction, hereinafter described, with which a word or words can be (No model.)

I formed, the same being placed in position in Be it known that I, GEORGE E. income, a; citizen of the United States, residing at Norf the machine and imparted to the paper as awater-mark in the manner hereinafter described, and the same type can be taken from the machine and re-formed into another word or words, and be replaced to impart to thepaper a different water-mark, all of which is accomplished without revolving the type or design around a shaft or its equivalent.

The mechanism and operation of my machine are as follows:

Upon the shaft(which is arranged upon the Fourdrinier machine in'suitable bearings) are arranged two or more frames, which I designate as rack-frames, having attached thereto the adjustable frame or frames, in which are placed and secured the device or devices for holding the type or designs with which to watermark the paper. The type or design, when in position in the machine, presents a flat surface to the web of paper beneath,and this flat surface is considered of great importance, for the reason that a word or Words or any design can be imparted as a water-mark to paper, whether the same is in parallel horizontal lines or in a circle, or otherwise, with the same facility as words are printed with ordinary type upon paper with a flat-surface printing-press. It is obvious that the same cannot be done when the type or design revolves around a shaft or its equivalent; for if the word or words or designs are to be imparted as a water-mark to the paper in a circular form by being placed upon or attached to a circular surface or a segment of a circle revolving around a shaft, the

face of the letters or design must not only coned in myinvention by the use of the peculiarlyconstructed type or designs herein described, and by bringing them in contact with the paper to which it is desired they should impart a watermark without revolving them around a shaft or its equivalent, as heretofore.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents the bearings, of any suitable construction, which support the shaft B and stud a. Upon the shaft B are supported two or more rack-frames, C,with their attachments and operating mechanism, as will be hereinafter described. The shat't B has connected to it by set-screws b, or other suitable means, two collars, c d, which are adjustable thereon, and have located between them a cam, D, affixed to said collars so as to be adjustable therewith.

The rack-frame O, which is supported by the cam D and held in position upon the shaft B by the collars c d, has connected to it adjustable lugs cf, also stops g, which are preferably adjustable thereon, for limiting the motion of the frame in a horizontal direction.

To the shaft B is adjustably connected adisk, E, carrying an adjustable wiper, h, which is brought in contact with the lugs efupon the revolution of the shaft B.

The rack-frames O are provided with arms i, for connecting thereto the frames F, in which are placed the devices for holding the type or designs with which it is desired to watermark the paper. The frames F are held in place on the arms'i by a screw-bolt, k, or other suitable means, the required elasticity being given to the frames by springs I, introduced between the arms and slotted ends of the frames, for the purpose of allowing vertical movement of the printing-surface ofthe type independent of the other parts of the machine.

The type, which is represented at G, Fig. 6, is formed with a hollow body, one end ofwhich is covered with gauze, bearing upon its surface the letter or design with which it is desired to form the water-mark on the paper.

The objectof forming the type hollow is to prevent a vacuum being formed beneath the letter or design during the operation of impart ing the water-mark to the paper.

The means preferably employed for holding the type together consist of a series of parallel bars, m, between which the shanks of the type are firmly held by bolts and nuts or other suit able connections, the bars havinggrooves upon their underside to admit the air to the hollow part of the type resting thereon.

Fig. 7 represents a modification of the type without the shank or wire-gauze, to be used with a different holding device when desired to use a different style of letter.

Fig. 8 shows one device for holding a design and type to produce a water-markin a circular form upon the paper. These type are singly detachable and adjustable in the machine for the purpose of imparting to the paper the various water-marks desired.

Fig. 9 shows a portion of the bearings, having thereon the guide-grooves 01, within which run the pins 1), attached to the rack-frame G, for the purpose of keeping the rack-frame in a horizontal posit-ion during the operation of the machine. These groovesn are connected to a plate, 1', which is an extension of the hearing A.

The operation of the machine is as follows: Rotary motion is imparted to the shaft B by a suitable pulley,s,to the hub tof which is keyed a full gear-wheel, H; also a smaller full gearwheel, or of less diameter than the wheel H, and which is immediately back of said wheel, and therefore not shown in the drawings. The pulley 8 runs upon a stud, a, projecting from the bearing A, and is connected by a belt with a pulley of like diameter, preferably attached to the shaft of the deckel-strap pulley of the Fourdrinier machine.

The two full gears above described engage alternately with the two segments of gears I J, attached to the end of the shaft B.

In order to rotate one-third of the circumference of the shaft B atthe samerate of speed that the web of paper beneath the machine travels, the full gear, of less diameter than the gear H, and the one-third segment of gear J, are of the sa me diameter as the two drivingpulleys. The other two-thirds of the circumference of the shaft B are made to travel, as desired, by the full gear H and its engaging two-thirds segment of gear I, the size of these two depending upon the rate of speed desired to complete a full revolution of the shaft, these being detached from the machine and others of dili'erent diameters substituted when desired to vary the speed of two-thirds the circumference of the shaft.

It should be understood that the one-third segment of gear J and its engaging full gear of like diameter are not detached from their position during the operation of the machine, for the reasons that they communicate to onethird the circumference of the shaft B a like rate of speed as is given to the paper passing beneath it, and during their engagement the water-mark is imparted to the paper. Therefore the operation ofimparting the water-mark to the moving web of paper beneath the machine is as follows: When rotary motion is given to the shaft B, as hereinhefore described, the rack-frame O, with its attached printing-surface, is gradually lowered by the cam D, and at the same time carried forward by the wiper h upon the disk E coming in contact with thelugf upon the rack-frame. While the rack-frame is beinglowered, and before the printing-surface comes in contact with the paper, the cam and wiper, acting simultaneously, cause the printing-surface to descend upon the paper in a direction describing an arc of a circle until it is sufficiently in contact therewith to impart a water-mark. The movement is then in a horizontal line, still in contact with the paper, until that portion of the cam eccentric to the shaft acts upon the rack-frame and lifts it out from contact with the paper in a direction again describing an arc of acircle. The wiper, continuing its revolution, comes in contact with the top lug, 0, upon the rack-frame and moves said frame back to the position from which it started, where it is upheld by the cam and remains stationary as to its horizontal movement until the wiper again comes in contact with the lugf.

The rate of speed with which the rack-frame travels in a horizontal direction can be varied independent of the speed of the shaft B by moving the adjustable wiper h in its slot in disk E, and the distance it travels in a horizontal direction is varied by either raising or lowering the lug or lugs e f, the distance it moves vertically being regulated by the cam. This nicety and positiveness of adjustment of the above-mentioned parts insure at all times a securing of a like rate of speed between the printing-surface and the moving web of paper beneath it.

The cam D is of such shape that the nearest and highest points to its center are portions of circles concentric to the shaft 13, and the parts of circles running from each side of the lowest part of the cam are eccentric to the shaft.

Having now fully described the construction and operation of my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The method, substantially as herein described, of imparting a water-mark to paper, consisting of a flat surface bearing devices thereon descending upon thepaperin a direction described by the are of a circle moving horizontally thereon, and leaving the paper in a direction described by the arc of'a circle, substantially as set forth.

2. The method, substantially as herein described, of imparting a water-mark to paper, consisting of a surface bearing devices thereon brought in contact with the paper without revolving said surface and devices around a shaft or its equivalent, substantially as specified.

5. In a machine forimparlinga water-mark to paper, an adjustable wiper for the purpose of varying the speed of the printing-surface independent of the speed of the shaft, substantially as described.

4:. In a machine for imparting a water-mark to paper, an adjustable lug or lugs arranged upon the portion of the machine carrying the printing-surface, for the purpose of regulating the distance said surfaces move in a horizontal direction, substantially as described.

5. In a machine for imparting awater-mark to paper, a cam ot' the construction substantially as shown and described, for the purpose of raising and lowering the printing-surface and its connected mechanism and permitting the same to move in a horizontal line while in contact with the paper, substantially as described.

6. In a machine for watermarking paper, the combination, with a shaft bearing the printing-surface, with its connected and operating mechanism, of two full gears for varying and controlling thespeed with which said shaft rotates, said gears being driven by a suitable pulley and engaging alternately with two segmental gears affixed to the end of the shaft, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a machine for watermarking paper, a device for temporarily holding detachable and adjustable type, said device adapted to be connected to and removed from the machine, substantially as and for the purpose described. 8. A machine for watermarking paper provided with singly adjustable and detachable type, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. A hollow-bodied type, constructed substantially as and for the purpose specified.

10. A machine for watermarking paper provided with a flat surface bearing devices thereon, substantially as and for the purpose described.

11. In a machine for watermarking paper, a rack-frame, with its attachments and pins, adapted to run in guide-grooves upon the bearings, for the purpose of retaining in a horizontal position during the operation of the machine.

In testimony that I claim the above I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE H. M O ORE.

Witnesses:

E. H. BRADFORD, H. J. Burns. 

